On this date:

(2016) Mexican criminal Joaquín Guzmán (“El Chapo”), head of the Sinaloa drug cartel, was captured in Los Mochis after escaping prison some six months earlier; he was later extradited to the United States, where he was convicted of various crimes. (2011) U.S. Representative Gabby Giffords was shot during an assassination attempt; although she survived, six others were killed. (1997) On this day in 1997, the principality of Monaco began a yearlong celebration in honour of the 700th anniversary of the rule of the Grimaldi family, who seized power in 1297 and gained firm possession of Monaco in 1419. (1959) Charles de Gaulle was inaugurated as president of France‘s Fifth Republic. (1942) English theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking, who developed a theory of exploding black holes that drew upon both relativity theory and quantum mechanics, was born. (1918) U.S. President Woodrow Wilson announced his Fourteen Points, an outline for peace following World War I. (1862) American publisher Frank Nelson Doubleday, founder of the book-publishing firm Doubleday & Company, Inc., was born. (1812) U.S. General Andrew Jackson defeated Great Britain in the Battle of New Orleans, the final engagement in the War of 1812. (1790) U.S. President George Washington delivered the first State of the Union, the annual address to Congress.